Ijtihād

التعريف

The disciplined effort of a qualified scholar to deduce a ruling from the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah. Requires deep knowledge of Arabic, the Qur'an and its sciences, the Sunnah and its sciences, ijmā‘, and uṣūl al-fiqh.

النطق: ij-ti-HĀD

الاشتقاق والجذر

From ج-ه-د (j-h-d), meaning 'to exert utmost effort.' Ijtihād is the scholar's exhaustive effort.

الاستخدام في السنة

'When the judge gives a ruling and exerts ijtihād and is correct, he has two rewards; if he gives a ruling and exerts ijtihād and errs, he has one reward.' (Bukhārī 7352)

مفاهيم خاطئة شائعة

Ijtihād is not opinion-giving by the unqualified. Modern claims that 'every Muslim can do ijtihād' confuse personal study with the technical, demanding science.

المزيد من Fiqh Terms