Hadith 20

Hadith 20

Narrated by Abu Mas‘ūd (RA) · Bukhari

Arabic Text

English Translation

— Abu Mas‘ūd (RA) (Bukhari)

Commentary

Ḥayā' (modesty/shame) is the inward restraint that holds back from sin. Without it, no command stops a person.

Extended Explanation

‘If you have no shame, do as you wish’ — a phrase preserved across all the prophets. It is not a permission, but a warning: when ḥayā’ (modesty/restraint) is removed, nothing else stops a person from sin.

Ibn Rajab explains that ḥayā’ has two faces: ḥayā’ from Allah (which holds one back from disobedience) and ḥayā’ from people (which protects one’s outward dignity). The first is the higher; many lose the first while preserving the second — they sin in private but maintain a polished public face. The Prophet ﷺ warned about exactly this: ‘All of my Ummah are forgiven except the mujāhirūn — those who openly broadcast their sins.’

From the Scholars

"Ḥayā’ is the wellspring of all good. When it leaves, evil rushes in unimpeded."

Ibn Rajab · Jāmi‘ al-‘Ulūm wa al-Ḥikam

"Ḥayā’ is the door to all virtues. When the door is closed, the house remains pure; when opened, every kind of corruption enters."

Ibn al-Qayyim

Fiqh & Rulings

  • Ḥayā’ from Allah is part of īmān — its absence is a sign of weakness in faith.
  • Modesty in dress, speech, and conduct is not cultural — it is a prophetic teaching that crosses every nation.
  • The dress and behaviour of a Muslim woman and man both fall under ḥayā’ — though the rulings differ in detail.

Qur'ān Cross-References

28:25The daughter of Shu‘ayb (AS) ‘came walking in shyness’ — Qur’ānic praise of ḥayā’.
33:53‘…and that is purer for your hearts and theirs.’ — modesty as purification.

Key Arabic Vocabulary

تَسْتَحْيِtastaḥyī

feel shame / modesty

النُّبُوَّةِ الأُولَىan-nubuwwati al-ūlā

the earliest prophethood

اصْنَعْiṣna‘

do / make

Today's Reflection

Where has your sense of shame been numbed? Restoration begins with awareness.

Key Benefits

  • 1Modesty is part of imān.
  • 2All prophets taught the foundation of shame.

Common Mistakes & Warnings

  • Ḥayā’ does not mean silence in the face of injustice or refusing to learn the religion — the Prophet ﷺ praised the women of the Anṣār for asking direct questions about menstruation and ghusl.
  • ‘Modesty’ used as a tool to silence women’s voices in legitimate matters is a misuse of the concept, not its meaning.

Related Hadiths

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