Definition

Affirming everything that Allah affirmed for Himself — and that His Messenger ﷺ affirmed for Him — of names and attributes, in a manner befitting His majesty, without distortion (taḥrīf), denial (ta‘ṭīl), how-questioning (takyīf), or likening to creation (tamthīl).

Pronunciation: taw-HEED al-AS-mā' was-si-FĀT

Etymology & Root

Asmā' (أسماء) is the plural of ism (name); ṣifāt (صفات) is the plural of ṣifah (attribute). The category combines what Allah is called by and what He is described with.

Usage in the Qur'an

'There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.' (ash-Shūrā 42:11) — this single verse establishes both negation of likeness (against tashbīh) and affirmation of attributes (against ta‘ṭīl).

Scholarly Notes

The methodology of Ahl us-Sunnah, as articulated by Imām Mālik regarding Allah's istiwā': 'The istiwā' is known, the how is unknown, belief in it is obligatory, and asking about it is an innovation.'

Common Misconceptions

Some deviant groups (Jahmiyyah, Mu‘tazila, Ash‘arīs) deny or reinterpret Allah's attributes — claiming literal affirmation entails likening Him to creation. The Salaf affirmed without likening and negated likeness without denying.

Practical Application

Learn the meanings of Allah's names — al-‘Afuww, ar-Razzāq, al-Ḥakīm — and worship Him through them: seek pardon from al-‘Afuww, sustenance from ar-Razzāq, wisdom from al-Ḥakīm.

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